5e gambler background. Gambler: 10: Get a hunch regarding whether a game is rigged: Gambler: 20: Reduce an average or lower cost of. 5e gambler background

 
 Gambler: 10: Get a hunch regarding whether a game is rigged: Gambler: 20: Reduce an average or lower cost of5e gambler background  Includes a chest, 2 cases for maps and scrolls, a

My freedom is my most precious possession. Flattery is my preferred trick for getting what I want. He pulls the trigger on the handle of the blade and sends a shockwave through the creature, stunning it for his allies to capitalize. The freebooting gambler has disadvantage on any Charisma check involving interaction with reputable people aware of its kind. The Telekinetic feat pairs best with this wizard subclass in making an Uraraka-inspired character, as it lets players pick up and move. 1 / 15. Choose or create any Ideals, Bonds, and Flaws. 1 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. With the LitRPG Adventures Workshop DND Backstory generator (created by Paul Bellow), you can create backgrounds for 800+ race and class combos. You choose a species (such as human or twi’lek) and a class (such as sentinel or scout). We've organised it in a few different ways - firstly by lists for areas of Skills. 4: I've lost so much to gambling that I refuse to spend money on anything anymore. Backgrounds. Just before you would have died, you had a revelation about your existence. New backgrounds, character options, franchise information, and more! Start up your own Acquisitions Incorporated franchise in the Forgotten Realms or anywhere in the multiverse. The former is especially good for communicating with cultists or demons. To customize a background, you can replace one feature with any other one, choose any two skills, and choose a total of two tool proficiencies or languages from the sample backgrounds. One of the changes is that skill proficiencies you choose at. Bond (d6) 1 - My town or city is my home, and I'll fight to defend it. 7. 5. 5. So long as I have this token from my homeland, I can face any adversity in this strange land. January 10, 2023 by admin. Your rogue might have gotten by as a guild thief or commanded audiences as a jester. The Dungeoneer background is designed for anyone who is creating a. You know what makes them tick, you can tease out their hearts' desires after a few minutes of conversation, and with a few leading questions you can read them like they were a children's book. A destiny gambler is a cloud giant who has won increasingly high-stakes wagers against other giants, smaller folk, and even beings from the Outer Planes. Background: Witchlight Hand. Help in creating a class thematic Gambler in 5e 5th Edition. D&D 5e/Next New background: Gambler. It was a mistake that I will likely repeat. Background: Gambler Source: Acquisitions Incorporated All you need to make a lot of. Armed with the rites of forbidden blood magic and a willingness to sacrifice their own. Backgrounds are an often neglected part of 5th Edition D&D build discussion, primarily because they are centered around roleplay, and will differ greatly from character to character. My life’s work is a series of tomes related to a specific field of lore. Environment: Forest. They never stayed with one group for long. Let me compose music about your DnD worlds! I don't play, and don't even know much about DnD. Content must be free and directly linked in the post. Acquisitions incorporated dnd book. Your experience makes you familiar with the ins and outs of mercenary life, and you likely. But 5+ years into 5e’s life span, the Ranger has come into its own. This guide is meant as a deep dive into the DnD 5e rogue. Often many people (including myself) is tempted to go for more elaborate mechanics, but often it fails, ending up in a mess of words and jumpy conflicts of rules. 4. You have paddled a riverboat filled with stolen elven wine under the gaze of the moon and sold it for twice its value in the morning. SlotoThe Gambler. When the demon realized what happened, he left. 1. Also, probably the least morally gray patron and a great choice for cleric and paladin players looking for a change of pace. homebrew pages! Leave nothing to chance! 2 - Every copper wants to be a silver. Remember that it’s all about making the character that you want to roleplay. Basically the story is a former master gambler got involved in a life of crime with the wrong people and when he tried to severe ties he was punished. (Chaotic) 4: Power: One day I hope to lead my faction. I am relatively new to D&D still and don't know a whole lot about Changelings. One of Naruto's top fan-favorite characters, Kakashi Hatake, also known as the Copy Ninja, is infamous for being a fearsome foe. I wasn’t satisfied with the result. . Dusty and worn down, a man wielding a large two handed blade plunges it into a formidable beast standing before him. Skill Proficiencies: Athletics, Perception. A character must. The list below offers the most logical background for the 12 base classes in DnD 5e, taken from all officially published material, but primarily the Player’s Handbook. Best race for Artificer 5e. Casting Time: 1 bonus action Range: Self Components: V Duration: Instantaneous Briefly surrounded by silvery mist, you teleport up to 30 feet to an unoccupied space that you can see. To wreak a terrible vengeance on my creator's enemies. August 22, 2023 October 4, 2020 by Paul Bellow. Part 2: Master of Adventures Whether you write your own adventures or use published ones, expect to invest preparation time beyond the hours you spend at the gaming table. The ability makes strong declartive statements about the. Frankly, this is a celebration of the hard work @CleverNickName put into these threads. Background: Gambler Proficiencies: Deception, Insight, Perception and Sleight of Hand You could use the following spells: Detect Magic - Catch someone else cheating on a bet (you cheat all the time) Disguise Self - Escape reprisal if someone catches you cheating 1. Wielding only their wits, a magical game of chance, and an incredible poker face, this class will add another option for players that want to experience intrigue and social encounters, while. Your rogue might have gotten by as a guild thief or commanded. Ability Score Improvement. Elves love freedom, variety, and self-expression, so they lean strongly toward the gentler aspects of chaos. Background: Smuggler. You know what makes them tick, you can tease out their hearts' desires after a few minutes of conversation, and with a few leading questions you can read them like they were children's books. 99. Mine is a similar concept. When you were found, you had no memory of being gone. This decision is permanent; you can't change it at later levels. B: Council Scorecard First Council (Hoard of the Dragon Queen) Second Council Third Council Fourth Council Final Tally App. Includes a chest, 2 cases for maps and scrolls, a. Blackleg or handicapper, punter, card-sharp or dicer, all far from flattering titles to be sure. Gambling is your passion, for better or for worse. You lived in seclusion – either in a sheltered community such as a monastery, or entirely alone – for a formative part of your life. Mostly based on Noble & Entertainer, let me know what you think. You gain proficiency with two types of gaming sets of your choice. —ale, beer, mead, and wine—all of giant strength. 4. For the newly-initiated, remember that this is not an election, nor is it a survey or a job evaluation. Failed Merchant and Gambler are great backgrounds for any number of campaigns, but Celebrity Adventurer’s Scion, Plaintiff, and Rival Intern are essentially setting exclusive. Pages published under the OGL. 3. eventually landing on the idea of a gambler/cheater type pc. As an alternative, you can use the alternate rule found on PHB p. I work to preserve a library, university, scriptorium, or monastery. Basically, this Iron Route Bandit background, once the primary trade route between the phlan and also Zhentil Keep and they used to be a site of extensive banditry until unless the phlan’s recent occupation. Background: Charlatan. 2. Perhaps you were born into a family of fisher folk, working with your kin to feed your village. Once you've completed your spins, you'll receive an additional double 100% match up to 500 bonus! This Promotion is for No-USA players, dnd gambler backstory. Gambler, Variant (5e Background) - D&D Wiki Gambler, Variant (5e Background). To make character creation simple, we also recommend you check out our guides to DnD races, DnD character sheets, and free online DnD character creator tools. deception check or something similar. You must use this feature before knowing the outcome of the roll. Your dance steps captivate, your humor cuts to the quick. top of page. On his next turn, the Gambler draws another card, and hits the Lich with a holy hammer, vaporizing. You might be a pampered aristocrat unfamiliar with work or discomfort, a former merchant just elevated to the nobility, or a disinherited scoundrel with a. 4. From Player's Handbook, page 128; and Baldur's Gate: Descent into Avernus, page 202. Being a Rogue, we get a lot of these. A tiefling, tumbling the dice between his fingers, looks across the table in the smoke-filled tavern at his self-assured opponent. 3. My house’s alliance with another noble family must be sustained at all costs. Gambler Personality Trait. You hid underwater to avoid detection by enemies and held your breath for an extremely long time. It's a useful talent, and one that you're perfectly willing to use for your advantage. You have sailed into war on the decks of great ships, patching their hulls with soup bowls and prayers. If you're playing poker then charisma is used for bluffing, dex used for cheating, wisdom used for deciding if someone is bluffing, wisdom used for peaking, intelligence used for calculating the odds, strength used for. 1. DnD Backgrounds provide a way to express your character’s backstory through mechanical means, primarily through skill. IMO, The only downside to the subclass is if. 2. Smith: A blacksmith who can craft weapons, tools, and other metal-based items. Gambler: 10: Get a hunch regarding whether a game is rigged: Gambler: 20: Reduce an average or lower cost of. B. Tool Proficiencies: Navigator's tools, vehicles (water) Equipment: A belaying pin (club), 15 metres of silk rope, a lucky charm such as a rabbit foot or a small stone with a hole in the centre, a set of common clothes, and a belt pouch containing 10 gp. 5e SRD > Backgrounds > P. background. As for Gambit, the ability is meant to be a damage boost to the class, as without it the Gambler would fall below other classes in terms of damage, and it represents the theme of pushing your luck. Which ability check for a skill, tool or gaming set depends on how you use them and what you're doing with them. Make a sheet with a list of gambler names with their bonus to certain skills (i. 4 - I once satirized a noble who still wants my head. As a sell-sword who fought battles for coin, you're well acquainted with risking life and limb for a chance at a share of treasure. A foe that i once humiliated in the arena has swam vengeance against me (or vise versa) 2. Skill Proficiencies: Nature, Survival Tool Proficiencies: One type of artisan's tools Languages: One of your choice Equipment: A set of artisan's tools (one of your choice), a two-person tent, a holy symbol, a set of traveler's clothes, and a belt pouch containing 5 gp. 20: Record background languages. Acolyte 24 Archaeologist 18 Charlatan 20 City Watch / Investigator 5+1=6 Cloistered Scholar 12 Courtier 20 Criminal 23 Entertainer 16 Far Traveler 11 Feylost 8 Fisher 15 Folk Hero 24 Gambler 11 Gladiator 16 Guild Artisan / Guild Merchant 24 Haunted One 23 Hermit 15 Knight 15 Marine 10-2=8 Noble. 1. Thieves tools 5e cost: 25gp. Thread starter RealAlHazred;. 3 - I owe my survival to another urchin who taught me to live on the streets. pdf - Garison Wellstone. With a wary eye on the door, a scruffy-looking Duros plays pazaak in a seedy cantina. Except at those times when all you need to have no gold at all is a little gold. Set a simple gaming set contest with the other players, maybe a Perception vs Stealth to detect cheating (unless the whole point is that you want them to learn the NPC is a cheater, in which case just let. I laugh heartily, feel deeply, and fear nothing. Summary: A mixture of warlock and cleric that provides access to radiant damage and healing abilities. Flame Tongue. Most gamblers see their vices as virtues, and overlook things in their pursuit of the rush. Background: Guild Artisan. D&D 5E Outlander Staff: Outlander staff is an extra item for you. Perhaps you were kidnapped by evil Fey but escaped from. com I think the feature could be more flavorful and specific, perhaps less about criminal contacts and more about seedy gossip -you know generals about the underbelly of an area, but you also know about the nobility, as people from all walks of life gamble. Gambling is your passion, for better or for worse. Your size is Medium. Sword Coast Adventurer’s Guide. The Blood Hunter (Homebrew) Often feared or misunderstood, and driven by an unending drive to destroy the wicked, blood hunters are clever, arcane warriors who have bound their essence to the dark creatures they hunt to better stalk and survive their prey. As a potion, these items have a one-time use and allow you. Your wizard could have been a sage or an artisan. Follow Mike on Twitter . The Urchin background on the fighter however did have a major effect on the way the charecter was played both in combat and during more RP heavy times. These new backgrounds are dripping with flavor, so much so that they don’t have much of an application beyond the setting. The Wizard, tripping over his own robes, unknowingly saves his life, jumping out of the way of an axe. 18A. One especially handy feature here is the ability to include/exclude different D&D source books. This feat is a must for this character both in terms of out-of-combat mechanics and roleplay. The world of Verum, is a realm of magic, intrigue, conflict, and history. Most folk enter such places with trepidation, but a gloom stalker ventures boldly into the darkness, seeking to ambush threats before they can reach the broader world. 18. 2nd-level conjuration. The Sword Coast Adventurer’s Guide is a valuable resource to start any game in the Sword Coast. I have seen countless friends die around me, many at my own hands, so I find it difficult to make new ones. 5 - I have trouble keeping my true feelings hidden. Enchantment if you want to possibly convince people that you don’t owe them as you run like hell. ENGLISH MISC. Includes a backpack, a bag of 1,000 ball bearings, 10 feet of string, a bell, 5 candles, a crowbar, a hammer, 10 pitons, a hooded lantern, 2 flasks of oil, 5 days rations, a tinderbox, and a waterskin. You receive Ability Score Increases at 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 19th level. 2. As a bonus action, Garret can give. So to be super-specific in your case: you can have the rogue's default equipment and 0-25 gp from background, or roll and end up with 4d4x10 gp in. Anything I try is destined to succeed. From Lost Laboratory of Kwalish, page 55. Even so, that doesn't stop you. [5E] I created a homebrew background for my Tiefling sorcerer. Dungeons and Dragons' 5e. First, to completely reroll. 5 - I run sleight-of-hand cons on street corners. Skills and Tools. The Helm at Highsun – 4. I owe a lot of money to the wrong kind of people. 6. I keep multiple holy symbols on me and invoke whatever deity might come in useful at any given moment. The. IMO, The only downside to the subclass is if. The carnival has borne you to many fantastic worlds, circling back around to your home world once every. Doing so gives you an idea of who your character is and where they come from, and it helps the Dungeon Master think. 1. Here is a list of the included BGs: Advisor. Most of the city’s burglars, pickpockets, and fences either work for or pay tithes to the. Regis the halfling, the only one of his kind for hundreds of miles in any direction, locked his fingers behind his head and leaned back against the mossy blanket of the tree trunk. All posts must be primarily about homebrew content. Fighting, scrapping, and battling; the Soldier 5e is one of the easier D&D backgrounds to integrate into a character. You can change this magical bonus each day at. Background: Mercenary Veteran. 4 - I owe a debt I can never repay to the person who took pity on me. The resistance and Breath Weapon can help if you get caught in melee range. e. In your more charitable times, you have transported innocents out of war. But whether you’re one of a good gambler or even a bad one too rarely. 4. Background statblock for Dungeons and Dragons 5e ID Name Tags; 1331467: Soldier: View Copy 1329039: Magic Item Scholar: Background: View Copy 1329034: Student of Magic: Background: View. This activity requires one workweek of effort plus a stake of. A handy checklist to help you create a character in 5e. pdf from BIOLOGY 123 at Pinecrest Academy Inc. Your fighter might have been a courageous knight or a grizzled soldier. 3. Anyone with a Rune Carver background or a spellcasting feature can take this feat, then take advantage of how flexible it can be. Have the DM choose a maximum bet amount. The powerful Spelljammer D&D campaign setting background Astral Drifter, who gained. Expert Help. Sometimes you're up, sometimes you're down. 2 - I sponsor an orphanage to keep others from enduring what I was forced to endure. Study Resources. Any of the 5e DnD races (or species) can roll up their sleeves to learn the joys of craftwork, especially thanks to the Custom Origin rules in Tasha’s Cauldron of Everything. I keep multiple holy symbols on me and invoke whatever deity might come in useful at any given moment. Resources. Gambler. Destiny gamblers wear. Print sheet JSON. Sorcerers work well. It is a place where nothing is certain and anything is possible. Your wizard could have been a sage or an artisan. 3. Your background is one steeped in challenges and violence. By Luke Ackroyd. So the three aspects are 1) theme, 2) mechanics, 3) background features. You carry a noble title, and your family owns land, collects taxes, and wields significant political influence. If you're the type of player that writes a backstory and character concept before ever touching a game mechanic, you may not find a suitable. . I posted a thread several weeks ago which presented some tables for random generation of lifestyle and background. Perhaps you stumbled through a Fey crossing by chance during a twilight stroll in the woods. A group of gnomes laughs as one of them activates a clever wooden toy that moves of its own accord. 13th-level Gambler feature. Also included is the Alternate Assassin. You understand wealth, power, and privilege. Leave nothing to chance! 2: Every copper wants to be a silver. The Blood Hunter (Homebrew) Often feared or misunderstood, and driven by an unending drive to destroy the wicked, blood hunters are clever, arcane warriors who have bound their essence to the dark creatures they hunt to better stalk and survive their prey. My life's work is a series of tomes related to a specific field of lore. Kruiskop City, a gambler’s haven, is a city dedicated to the God of luck and gamble, said to have existed since the dawn of time. Gambler. The problem with WIld Magic is that it merges these two systems and it sucks. The Varied Backgrounds In D&D Can Lead To Mutual Understanding & Build Camaraderie. If you become a member, you can create your own unique backstories and browse our library. My costume is part of me and my being. Gambler. 5. It was also spawned off a discussion with u/Leuku regarding the use of Reactions as an underutilized resource. Mike Bernier is the lead content writer and founder of Arcane Eye. st33d • Rogue • 8 yr. Are your activities legal, or do you break the law?. Acolyte 26 Archaeologist 19 Charlatan 20 City Watch / Investigator 3 Cloistered Scholar 13 Courtier 21 Criminal 22 Entertainer 16 Far Traveler 11 Fisher 15 Folk Hero 23 •Gambler 7 + 1 = 8• Gladiator 18 Guild Artisan / Guild Merchant 22 •Haunted One 17 - 2 = 15• Hermit 16 Knight 15 Marine 6 Noble. Skilled. As the black knight raises his weapon to land the finishing blow, the stillness of the air is cut by the sharpening of knives. We always know when the other is bluffing. Mine is a similar concept. goblin and gained some of the goblin’s powers. This ticket is a magic item, a card with the symbol of the God Kruiskop. Source: Player's Handbook. #1. 4. 5. On a fateful day when [fateful dangerous thing] happened, you felt a deep, trembling power welling up in your chest. But even with all that, your character can be completely unique from any other player who made. 2. Background: Cloistered Scholar. Dungeon Scrawl x Roll20 Make on-the-fly maps in minutes on Dungeon Scrawl, now powered by Roll20. He grabbed the crystal and left. You might or might not come from an upper-class family; your talents, rather than the circumstances of your birth, could have secured you this position. • Tool proficiencies: one or two. Background: Noble. Throughout the ages and across civilizations, there has and will always arise the inevitable desire, demand, even desperate need, for those things. Apostate. The Flagellant is part of my attempt to fill some gaps in the 5E caster distribution. Backgrounds. Thieves tools 5e Attributes (Dungeons & Dragons) Category: Items. At 1st level when you create your character, you gain a background of your choice. Gambler DnD 5E Background. D&D 5e urchin personality traits D&D Personality Traits Generators. Acquisitions incorporated d&d pdf. So it is possible that a Gambler will start fresh, and will have a luck pool of zero. If you are an elf, Evermeet is a. Every story has a beginning. I have waxing addiction problems. In our ongoing series of 5e class guides, we use the following color-rating scheme: Red – C Tier. They value and protect others' freedom as well as their own, and they are more often good than not. The color code below has been. The gladiator adds 3 to its AC against one melee attack that would hit it. Games of chance are a way to make a fortune- and perhaps a better way to lose one. A background with insight and deception or playing card proficiency Yeah, I'd think insight and deception for skills, proficiency with cards and dice. As a dnd 5e gambler background all you have to make many more gold is a little gold. I'm a born gambler who can't resist taking a risk for a potential payoff. sorts of meat, cheese, bread, and drinking containers. Leave nothing to chance! 2 - Every copper wants to be a. 2. Bond (d6) 1 - My town or city is my home, and I'll fight to defend it. 13th level’s power flipped the way inspirations work. Skills and Tools. You once helped build a fishing vessel that single-handedly saved a town from starvation. His opponent is sure he's won all that coin. One of the most common pieces of advice given to new roleplayers making their first character is “Have a backstory!”. 6. ago. On a rickety barge, you carried a hundred longswords in fish barrels right past the dock master's oblivious lackeys. Waterdhavian Noble. He’s been on chemo for months now, and it looks like he has months more chemo ahead. If you select the Knight of Solamnia or the Mage of High Sorcery background, you gain the bonus feat specified in that background. 2. Whenever you make an attack roll, ability check, or a saving throw, you can give yourself advantage on the roll. You are a skilled gambler who spends most of your time in casinos, bar rooms, and gambling dens. Dungeon Master of Middle-earth. Chapter 1: Step-By-Step Characters. You grew up in the Feywild after disappearing from your home plane as a child. DnD 5e Backgrounds. Publishing > Gambler Some people live to take chances,. The gods of my people are a comfort to me so far from home. You can use a bonus action to speak this magic sword's command word, causing flames to erupt from the blade. Of course it is the greedy noble of your town that levels the highest tax against to the poor commoners, those who are menaced in a stable way by the corrupt town guard. The Gambler "Two Pair!", affirms the confident halfling gent, turning his hand over on the table, to the sound of a crowd's mild awe. Your character’s class, race, and background define what your character does, is, and who they were, respectfully. These backgrounds have been vetted through the Featured Articles or Quality Articles process and are suitable for any normal campaign. Bertrand is played by Travis Willingham. That way, if you roll like shite, you can totally reroll the die and increase your chances of success. Most of these books are worth buying, I’d say. A Gambler's Blade is a cursed magical sword that allows a wielder to choose a magical bonus by taking a corresponding penalty to death saving throws. Gambling is a dangerous hobby, especially when you start to gamble your own life. Caregiver. Gambler (5e Background) The background, gambler, is copyright Wizards of the Coast. Perhaps you were spirited away by kindly Fey who thought you were destined for great things. 4. for running adventures set in dungeons, the wilderness, and other locales, and chapter 6 covers the time between adventures. All you need to make a lot of gold is a little gold. These Background-based portrayals could lead to party conflicts, as a pragmatic Mercenary background character might resent a Gambler’s risk-taking in battle. PDF + Hardcover, Standard Color Book. But for an example, either urchin background d&d or else the criminal background d&d 5e will speak with an urban setting naturally. Background: Faceless. All you need to make a lot of gold is a little gold. This book off ers 43 unique, flavorful and balanced. 1. Common, Dwarvish. Dnd gambler backstory Dnd gambler backstory With 20 credits, you'll get at least 80 spins on the game : Mega Moolah: 80 Spins at 0. Looking for a D&D bard backstory? I’ve got some good news for you. Overview Of Iron Route Bandit 5e. Sarcasm and insults are my weapons of choice. Cunning, nimble, and above all else, lucky, the Gambler uses its honed senses and trickery to great effect in any situation. History, Persuasion. Gambling. In your formative years, you found your way to one of Faerûn's great institutes of learning, where you were apprenticed and taught that knowledge is a more valuable treasure than gold or gems. Your character is a combination of game statistics, roleplaying hooks, and your imagination. 2. Re: Gambler. Loaves of bread, still warm from the ovens, are stacked on one table. A background in DND is one of the core features you pick when you're creating your character, alongside your race and class. 5 New Backgrounds. Your character's background reveals where you came from, how you became an adventurer, and your place in the world. Background: Shipwright. Proficiencies. The Varied Backgrounds In D&D Can Lead To Mutual Understanding & Build Camaraderie. 1”) by Wizards of the Coast LLC which is available here. Join the Worldbuilders Guild. Fate Gamblers are individuals who have become weary of decision making. 3. Use these inherent spells with your spellcasting whenever you find yourself tangled in a battle. You can either use the equipment of any background or spend coin on the gear based on the gold your class is allowed (Ch. Played similarly to Texas Hold ’em casino poker, this DND gambling game has its own flop, turn, and river. (Lawful) 6: Aspiration: I need. View full document. 1. 1. Then I chose gold instead of equipment. The powers of a meta-gambler can seem magical, but they are just as natural as the randomness of the universe. Join the Worldbuilders Guild. The crowd scatters in panic, giving him just enough cover to escape. As a further embodiment of the experience and training of your background, you can choose from the following feats: d8 Feat; 1: Silver-Tongued. Persuasion is regarded as a high art, and a well-reasoned, well-spoken argument often proves more powerful than objective truth. Anything I try is destined to succeed. 2: I am a liar and a gossip. It’s also a great background for melee characters in a Spelljammer campaign, thanks to the tough feat and the lack of disadvantage on melee attacks in space. This staff helps you when any of the backgrounds in dnd 5e doesn’t provide a single weapon and also a non weapon staff has use such as arcane focus , you can either use it like a different matter. At higher levels, the Gambler can play with luck, benefiting from rolling a 7 and even forcing themselves and others to roll a 7. potential payoff. 3:Battle Chef. . Taking an action that leads into a situation that requires wit and will to get out of, that is what keeps life fresh and exciting. (as of January 11, 2023) Acolyte (PHB) 20. 4.